Why a mapping from logical address to physical address and Explain the protocols?

A mapping from logical address to physical address is essential for memory management in computer systems, as it allows the operating system to abstract the physical memory layout from applications, enabling efficient memory allocation and protection. This mapping is typically achieved through mechanisms such as paging and segmentation, which break down memory into manageable units. Protocols involved in this process include the Memory Management Unit (MMU) protocols, which translate logical addresses generated by programs into physical addresses in RAM, and the use of page tables to keep track of the mapping. Additionally, virtual memory protocols allow systems to use disk space as an extension of RAM, further enhancing memory efficiency.