What are 4 theories about how states are formed?

Four prominent theories about how states are formed are the Social Contract Theory, which posits that states arise from an agreement among individuals to form a society; the Force Theory, suggesting that states emerge through conquest and coercion; the Evolutionary Theory, which argues that states develop gradually from family and tribal structures; and the Divine Right Theory, which claims that states are created through divine will, with rulers deriving authority from a higher power. Each theory offers a different perspective on the origins and legitimacy of political authority.