What are the seven basic fingerprint patterns?

The seven basic fingerprint patterns are classified into three main categories: loops, whorls, and arches. Within these categories, there are specific types: radial and ulnar loops, plain and central pocket whorls, double loop whorls, and plain arches. Loops have ridges that enter from one side and exit the same side, whorls form circular patterns, and arches have ridges that rise in the center. Each pattern has unique characteristics that help in fingerprint identification.