How long was Nehemiah away from his position as cupbearer to the king?

Nehemiah was away from his position as cupbearer to King Artaxerxes for approximately 12 years. After receiving permission to return to Jerusalem to rebuild its walls, he served as governor of Judah during this time. His absence from court was significant as it allowed him to focus on the restoration of Jerusalem and its people. After completing his mission, he eventually returned to the king's service.