What is Suns heat creates equatorial calms?

The phenomenon of "equatorial calms," often referred to as the Doldrums, occurs in the equatorial region where the intense heat from the sun causes air to rise rapidly, leading to low pressure. This rising air results in a lack of horizontal wind movement, creating calm conditions. As the warm air ascends, it cools and may lead to the formation of clouds and storms, but the surface winds are typically minimal. These calm areas are significant for maritime navigation, as they can halt the progress of sailing vessels.