What were the Jim crow lows?

The Jim Crow laws were state and local statutes enacted in the United States from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century, enforcing racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Named after a blackface minstrel character, these laws mandated the separation of races in public facilities, schools, transportation, and more, effectively institutionalizing white supremacy. They emerged after the Reconstruction era and were upheld by the Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, which established the "separate but equal" doctrine. The Jim Crow laws persisted until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, which sought to dismantle racial segregation and promote equal rights.