How do mesa tops become flat?

Mesa tops become flat through a combination of erosion and weathering processes. Over time, layers of rock and sediment are exposed to elements like wind, water, and ice, which gradually wear away softer materials, leaving behind the harder, more resistant rock layers. This continuous erosion can create the characteristic flat-topped shape of a mesa, as the surrounding landscape is lowered while the mesa remains elevated. Additionally, the process of downcutting by rivers and streams can contribute to the flatness of the mesa tops.