What reforms did the papacy undertake in the eleventh century?

In the eleventh century, the papacy undertook significant reforms aimed at addressing corruption and enhancing ecclesiastical authority. Key reforms included the promotion of clerical celibacy to combat simony and the establishment of the Investiture Controversy, which asserted the pope's authority over the appointment of bishops. Additionally, the Gregorian Reform movement, led by Pope Gregory VII, sought to eliminate lay influence in church affairs and enhance the moral integrity of the clergy, thereby strengthening the papal office and its spiritual leadership.