What is the historical development of commerce?

The historical development of commerce can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where barter systems facilitated trade in local markets. As societies advanced, the introduction of currency around 3000 BCE in Mesopotamia revolutionized trade, enabling more complex transactions. The Middle Ages saw the rise of merchant classes and trade routes like the Silk Road, fostering international commerce. The Industrial Revolution further transformed commerce through mass production and global trade networks, laying the groundwork for the modern global economy.