How did geography of Greece impact the political structure and economy?

The geography of Greece, characterized by its mountainous terrain and numerous islands, led to the development of independent city-states (poleis) rather than a unified empire. This fragmentation fostered diverse political structures, ranging from democracies like Athens to oligarchies like Sparta. The proximity to the sea facilitated trade and maritime commerce, contributing to economic prosperity and cultural exchange, while the rugged landscape limited agricultural expansion, encouraging reliance on trade for resources. Ultimately, Greece's geography shaped its political diversity and economic practices significantly.