Is it true that fifty years ago less than half the people of Brazil lived in cities?

Yes, it is true that fifty years ago, less than half of Brazil's population lived in cities. In the early 1970s, Brazil was still predominantly rural, with urbanization rapidly increasing in subsequent decades. The shift towards urban living was driven by factors such as industrialization, economic opportunities in cities, and migration from rural areas. By the 1990s, urbanization had surpassed 70% of the population.