What is average number of pups a coyote can give birth to?

A coyote typically gives birth to a litter of 4 to 7 pups, although litters can range from 1 to 12 pups depending on factors like the availability of food and environmental conditions. The pups are usually born in the spring and are dependent on their mother for several months before they become independent. The size of the litter can vary between different regions and individual coyotes.