How does the behavior of light change when it passes through different mediums, resulting in the phenomena of reflected vs refracted light?

When light passes through different mediums, such as air, water, or glass, its behavior changes. This change causes light to either bounce off the surface (reflection) or bend as it moves through the medium (refraction). Reflection occurs when light hits a surface and bounces back, like a mirror. Refraction happens when light enters a new medium and changes speed, causing it to bend, like a straw in water. These phenomena are a result of how light interacts with different materials.