Hernán Cortés' conquest of the Aztec Empire was primarily aided by three factors: first, the strategic alliances he formed with discontented indigenous groups, such as the Tlaxcalans, who sought to overthrow Aztec rule. Second, the introduction of European diseases, like smallpox, devastated the Aztec population and weakened their resistance. Lastly, Cortés' military technology, including firearms and steel weapons, provided a significant advantage over the Aztec warriors.
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