Who were the ulemas?

Ulemas are Islamic scholars and religious authorities who are well-versed in Islamic theology, law (Sharia), and various religious sciences. They play a crucial role in interpreting Islamic texts, guiding the community on religious matters, and providing education in Islamic principles. Ulemas often hold positions of influence within their communities and can be involved in legal rulings, fatwas, and teaching in mosques and madrasas. Their interpretations and teachings can significantly shape the practice and understanding of Islam among followers.