How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to climate change?

Burning fossil fuels can emit carbon dioxide, which is a gas that helps keep the Sun's rays from burning you to a crisp or outer space from freezing the entire Earth solid every night. There are other such gases, like methane and water in gas form (water vapor). The many independent (not government-sponsored) published scientific studies that have been done show no relationship with any kind of climate change.