How is giardia transmitted from animals to humans?

Giardia is primarily transmitted to humans through the ingestion of cysts found in contaminated water, food, or surfaces. Animals, particularly wildlife like beavers and dogs, can shed Giardia cysts in their feces, which can contaminate water sources. Humans can then become infected by drinking untreated water or coming into contact with contaminated surfaces. Direct transmission from animal to human is less common but can occur through close contact with infected animals.