Which Muslim scholar created a new set of numerals based on the Hindu system and developed a new branch of mathematics that became the basis for algebra?

The Muslim scholar who created a new set of numerals based on the Hindu system and developed a new branch of mathematics that laid the foundation for algebra was Al-Khwarizmi. His works in the 9th century, particularly the book Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala, introduced systematic solutions to linear and quadratic equations, thus establishing algebra as a distinct mathematical discipline. Al-Khwarizmi's contributions significantly influenced mathematics in both the Islamic world and Europe.