How a battery produces voltage?

A battery produces voltage through electrochemical reactions that occur within its cells. It consists of two electrodes, an anode (negative) and a cathode (positive), separated by an electrolyte. When the battery is connected to a circuit, a chemical reaction at the anode releases electrons, which flow through the circuit to the cathode, creating an electric current. The difference in electric potential between the two electrodes generates the voltage that drives this current.