Why chest deformities prevent normal expansion and make ventilation difficult in terms of pressure and volume.?

Chest deformities, such as scoliOSis or pectus excavatum, can restrict the normal expansion of the thoracic cavity during respiration. This limitation affects the volume of air that can be inhaled, as the altered shape reduces the space available for lung expansion. Consequently, the pressure changes required for effective ventilation are compromised, leading to inadequate airflow and reduced oxygen exchange. As a result, individuals with chest deformities may experience difficulty in maintaining proper respiratory function.