Why can a mango tree grow tall whereas a spinach plant remains small?

A mango tree can grow tall due to its genetic programming and structural adaptations, allowing it to develop a strong trunk and extensive root system that supports significant height and stability. In contrast, a spinach plant is a herbaceous, short-lived species that has evolved to grow quickly and reproduce in a relatively short time, prioritizing leaf production over height. Additionally, the differences in their growth habits are influenced by factors such as their life cycle, energy allocation, and environmental adaptations.