What physiological process leads to hypertrophy of muscles, and how does an increase in this process contribute to muscle growth?

Hypertrophy of muscles is caused by an increase in protein synthesis, which is the process of building new proteins in the muscle cells. When protein synthesis is increased, more muscle proteins are created, leading to muscle growth. This process is typically stimulated by factors such as resistance training and adequate nutrition, which provide the necessary stimulus and building blocks for muscle growth.