Chinese communist nationalism emerged as a response to both foreign Imperialism and domestic challenges, particularly during the early 20th century. The rise of Japanese militarism and expansionism, especially during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), galvanized Chinese nationalists, including the Communists, to unite against a common enemy. This shared struggle against Japan fostered a sense of nationalism among Chinese communists, who positioned themselves as defenders of the nation. However, post-war tensions and differing ideologies eventually led to conflicts between the Nationalists and Communists in China.
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