What term refers to a time when powerful nations created large empires by exercising economic and political control over weaker territories?

The term that refers to this period is "Imperialism." During the age of imperialism, which peaked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, powerful nations expanded their influence and control over weaker territories through colonization, economic exploitation, and political domination. This often involved the establishment of colonies, protectorates, and spheres of influence, significantly impacting the cultures and economies of the affected regions.