In competition between species, the outcomes can be represented as follows: when one species benefits at the expense of another, it can be denoted as + for the benefitting species and - for the harmed species. If both species are negatively impacted by competition, it can be represented as - for both. In cases where there is no effect on either species, it would be represented as 0. Thus, the expressions could be summarized as: Species A (+) vs Species B (-) or Species A (-) vs Species B (-), depending on the interaction.
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