What is the origin of perestroika?

Perestroika, meaning "restructuring" in Russian, originated in the Soviet Union during the mid-1980s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev. It aimed to reform the stagnant Soviet economy and political system by introducing elements of market economics and increasing transparency and openness in governance, known as glasnost. The movement emerged as a response to economic decline, social unrest, and the need for modernization within the Soviet state. Ultimately, perestroika played a significant role in the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.