During exercise, the lungs expel carbon dioxide (CO2) as a byproduct of increased metabolic activity in the muscles. This process involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) for CO2 in the alveoli, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released. As the intensity of exercise rises, the respiratory rate and depth of breathing increase to enhance gas exchange and meet the body's elevated oxygen demands. Efficient removal of CO2 is crucial to maintain acid-base balance and prevent fatigue.
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