What two things must happen in the atmosphere in order for water vapor to condense?

For water vapor to condense in the atmosphere, two key conditions must be met: first, the air must cool to its dew point, allowing the temperature to drop sufficiently for water vapor to change into liquid droplets. Second, there must be sufficient condensation nuclei—tiny particles like dust or pollen—present for the water vapor to cluster around and form droplets, leading to cloud formation.