What two engineering organizations define open standards and protocols that apply to the data link layer?

Two key engineering organizations that define open standards and protocols for the data link layer are the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The IEEE is notably responsible for the 802 standards, including Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) and Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11), which govern data link layer operations. The ISO, through its ISO/IEC 8802 series, also contributes to standardizing protocols related to the data link layer. These organizations ensure interoperability and compatibility across various networking technologies.