How did pirates communicate with each other?

Pirates communicated with each other using a variety of methods, including flags, signals, and a shared code of conduct known as the "pirate code." They often employed visual signals, such as the display of specific flags or banners, to convey messages over distances, especially during naval encounters. Additionally, they utilized verbal communication during face-to-face interactions or through shouted orders when boarding ships. Written messages were also used occasionally, particularly for conveying important information or agreements.