The test that made sure people could read and write before they could vote?

The test that ensured individuals could read and write before voting was commonly referred to as a literacy test. These tests were implemented in various states, particularly in the South, as part of Jim Crow laws aimed at disenfranchising African American voters and, in some cases, poor white voters. Literacy tests often included complex questions and were applied subjectively, leading to widespread discrimination. They were eventually abolished with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for all citizens.