What tells ribosome the specific types of proteins to produce?

The specific types of proteins that ribosomes produce are determined by messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA is transcribed from DNA and carries the genetic code that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Ribosomes read the codons (three-nucleotide sequences) on the mRNA and, with the help of transfer RNA (tRNA), assemble the corresponding amino acids to form the protein. This process is guided by the genetic information encoded in the DNA.