Voltaire chose Urban X as the old woman's father in "Candide" to satirize the hypocrisy and corruption within the Catholic Church. By selecting a specific pope rather than a generic figure, he highlights the absurdity of religious authority and its moral failings, thereby underscoring the broader critique of organized religion. Urban X, known for his controversial papacy, serves as a poignant symbol of the disconnect between religious ideals and human behavior, reinforcing Voltaire's themes of irony and skepticism.
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