What happened to Japan's population during the 1800s and the early 1900s?

During the 1800s and early 1900s, Japan experienced significant population growth, particularly following the Meiji Restoration in 1868, which led to modernization and improvements in public health. The population surged from approximately 30 million in the early 1800s to around 50 million by the early 1900s. This growth was partly driven by declining mortality rates and increased agricultural productivity. However, Japan also faced challenges such as urbanization and social changes that accompanied its rapid modernization.