The Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896 upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, legitimizing the Jim Crow laws in the South. This ruling solidified institutionalized racism, leading to widespread discrimination and disenfranchisement of African Americans. Consequently, it fostered a social system that enforced segregation in public facilities, schools, and transportation, with long-lasting effects on civil rights in the United States.
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