What that gives some power to the states and some power to the federal government?

The division of power between the states and the federal government is established by the U.S. Constitution, particularly through the Tenth Amendment, which reserves powers not specifically granted to the federal government for the states. This federalism allows states to exercise authority over local issues like education and law enforcement, while the federal government handles national matters such as defense and interstate commerce. This balance aims to ensure both levels of government can operate effectively within their respective domains.