Can too much carbon in seawater prevent snails and clams from growing shells?

Yes, excessive carbon in seawater, primarily in the form of increased carbon dioxide (CO2), can lead to ocean acidification. This process lowers the pH of seawater, making it more difficult for marine organisms like snails and clams to extract the calcium carbonate needed to grow their shells. As a result, their shell growth can be stunted, leading to thinner, weaker shells and negatively impacting their survival and overall health.