Explain How is urine samples are used to screen for bladder cancer?

Urine samples are used to screen for bladder cancer primarily through the detection of biomarkers associated with the disease. Tests can identify cancerous cells, proteins, or genetic material (like DNA) released by tumor cells into the urine. Common methods include cytology, which examines urine under a microscope, and molecular tests that detect specific markers. These non-invasive tests can help identify individuals at higher risk for bladder cancer, prompting further diagnostic evaluation.