How do arctic willow survive in the cold?

Arctic willow (Salix arctica) survives in cold environments through several adaptations. Its low-growing form helps it avoid harsh winds and extreme temperatures, while its dense, hairy leaves reduce moisture loss and insulate against cold. The plant also has a short growing season, allowing it to complete its life cycle quickly and take advantage of the brief warmth of summer. Additionally, its ability to store energy in roots helps it endure the long, harsh winters.