What abstraction do the ibm pc bios routines provides to the intel 8088 abstract machine that are not available by using hardware directly?

The IBM PC BiOS routines provide a higher-level abstraction by standardizing hardware interactions, allowing software to access system functions without needing to manage the specific details of hardware configurations. This includes functions for disk I/O, keyboard input, and screen management, which simplify programming by providing a consistent interface across different hardware setups. Additionally, BiOS routines handle low-level tasks such as POST (Power-On Self-Test) and bootstrapping the operating system, which would otherwise require intricate knowledge of the underlying hardware.