What was the reason that India divided into two nations in 1947?

India was divided into two nations in 1947 primarily due to religious tensions between Hindus and Muslims. The demand for a separate Muslim state, led by the All-India Muslim League under Muhammad Ali Jinnah, stemmed from fears that Muslims would not receive adequate political representation in a predominantly Hindu India. This culminated in the creation of Pakistan as a separate nation, leading to significant communal violence and mass migrations as populations were divided along religious lines.