* Twelve nations sign the North Atlantic Treaty establishing NATO (Apr. 4).
* Communist People's Republic of China formally proclaimed by Chairman Mao Zedong (Oct. 1).
* South Africa institutionalizes apartheid.
* Britain recognizes the independence of the Republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland remains a part of the United Kingdom.
* German Federal Republic (West Germany) established (Sept. 21).
* US recognizes the state of Israel.
* Truman proposes Point Four program to help world's less developed areas (Jan. 20).
Source: Year by Year
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