Can you explain how the guitar fretboard works and how to navigate it effectively?

The guitar fretboard is divided into frets, which are the metal strips that run across the neck. Each fret represents a different note. To navigate the fretboard effectively, you need to learn the names of the notes on each string and practice moving your fingers to play different chords and scales. By memorizing the patterns and positions on the fretboard, you can play melodies and chords more easily.