Why spooling necessary for batch processing?

Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line) is necessary for batch processing as it allows data to be temporarily stored in a buffer or spool before being processed. This enables efficient management of input and output operations, allowing the CPU to continue processing other tasks while waiting for data to be read or written. By decoupling the I/O operations from the execution of tasks, spooling helps optimize resource utilization and improves overall system performance in batch processing environments.