What adaptations are needed in very dry environment?

In very dry environments, organisms often develop adaptations to conserve water and withstand extreme temperatures. Many plants, like cacti, have thick, waxy skins and deep root systems to minimize water loss and access underground moisture. Animals may exhibit behaviors such as being nocturnal to avoid daytime heat, while physiological adaptations include reduced water loss through specialized kidneys or the ability to store fat, which can be metabolized into water. These adaptations collectively enhance survival in harsh, arid conditions.