Can medical records be held due to an unpaid balance?

In general, medical providers cannot withhold medical records due to an unpaid balance. Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), patients have the right to access their medical records, regardless of their financial obligations. However, providers may place a lien on records or charge for copies if a balance remains unpaid, but they cannot deny access entirely. It's advisable to check specific state laws and provider policies, as these can vary.