After World War II, the Chinese Civil War concluded with the victory of the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Mao Zedong in 1949. This resulted in the establishment of the People's Republic of China, which implemented a communist government. The CPC's victory led to significant social and economic changes, including land reforms and the nationalization of industry. The rival Nationalist government retreated to Taiwan, where it continued to exist as the Republic of China.
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