What is the difference between a map and a photograph?

A map shows you the labeled routes and major features while ignoring all the details. A picture shows you what you would see if you were looking at it.
A map is a representation or drawing of an area or location. A photograph is an image of an area or location as seen from a certain vantage point. Information can be added to some types of photographs (e.g. aerial photos of the ground) to allow them to serve as maps.