How do organisms interact in the tundra ecosystem?

In the tundra ecosystem, organisms interact through complex food webs, where producers like mosses and lichens form the base, supporting herbivores such as lemmings and caribou. These herbivores are preyed upon by carnivores like Arctic foxes and polar bears. Additionally, organisms engage in mutualistic relationships, such as those between certain fungi and plant roots, aiding nutrient uptake. Seasonal changes also influence these interactions, as many species adapt their behaviors and diets to survive the extreme climate.