What are the methods used in plantation agriculture?

Plantation agriculture is a commercial tropical agriculture system which is essentially export-oriented. The local government and foreign/ international companies exploit the Natural Resources of the TRF for making profit, usually short-term economic gain. It often involves the deliberate introduction and cultivation of economically desirable species of tropical plants at the expense of widespread replacement of the original native and natural flora. They are often associated with plantation agriculture are widespread modifications or disturbance of the natural landscapes through such artificial practices as the permanent removal of natural vegetation, drainage improvement, soil improvement and application of chemicals, etc. For example, rubber plantation / oil palm plantation in West Malaysia